Chance to Hit (EU2012) - Revision history

Miteusz: Even if your soldier have to sidestep to shot an enemy, distance between him and enemy is calculated regarding to his position in cover, not sidestepped position.

2020-08-31T11:38:55Z

Even if your soldier have to sidestep to shot an enemy, distance between him and enemy is calculated regarding to his position in cover, not sidestepped position.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:38, 31 August 2020
Line 260:		Line 260:

	''Note 2: These formulas may not be 100% accurate.''		''Note 2: These formulas may not be 100% accurate.''

			''Note 3: Even if your soldier have to sidestep to shot an enemy, distance between him and enemy is calculated regarding to his position in cover, not sidestepped position.''

	==Terrain - Cover & Height==		==Terrain - Cover & Height==

Valerian: fixed many then/than typos, and one lessons/lessens typo

2015-06-25T03:51:41Z

fixed many then/than typos, and one lessons/lessens typo

Valerian: fixed a then/than typo

2015-06-25T03:26:30Z

fixed a then/than typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:26, 25 June 2015
Line 3:		Line 3:
	'''Aim''' (or '''Attack''') is the base statistic each unit has which accounts for the bulk of its accuracy in battle. For [[Soldiers (EU2012)\|XCOM soldiers]], this goes up at a set rate based on [[Soldiers_(EU2012)#Ranks\|rank]] and [[Classes_(EU2012)\|class]], whereas for [[Alien_Life_Forms_(EU2012)\|aliens]] it's determined by their race and the [[Difficulty_(EU2012)\|difficulty level]].		'''Aim''' (or '''Attack''') is the base statistic each unit has which accounts for the bulk of its accuracy in battle. For [[Soldiers (EU2012)\|XCOM soldiers]], this goes up at a set rate based on [[Soldiers_(EU2012)#Ranks\|rank]] and [[Classes_(EU2012)\|class]], whereas for [[Alien_Life_Forms_(EU2012)\|aliens]] it's determined by their race and the [[Difficulty_(EU2012)\|difficulty level]].

	'''Defence''', on the other hand, is the statistic which lowers each unit's chance to ''be'' hit. Your units may improve their base defence stat pre-battle by donning certain forms of [[Armor_(EU2012)\|armour]] (keeping in mind that most only grant additional health points, lessening the ''effects'' of damage, rather ~~then~~ your chance to avoid it altogether). Some alien races have an innate defensive bonus which is increased on higher difficulties.		'''Defence''', on the other hand, is the statistic which lowers each unit's chance to ''be'' hit. Your units may improve their base defence stat pre-battle by donning certain forms of [[Armor_(EU2012)\|armour]] (keeping in mind that most only grant additional health points, lessening the ''effects'' of damage, rather than your chance to avoid it altogether). Some alien races have an innate defensive bonus which is increased on higher difficulties.

	In addition, units may source additional aim/defence bonuses from [[#Solder Stats\|soldier perks]], [[#Other Factors\|terrain factors]] and [[#Equipment\|equipment]], [[Cover_(EU2012)\|cover]] being one of the most important examples.		In addition, units may source additional aim/defence bonuses from [[#Solder Stats\|soldier perks]], [[#Other Factors\|terrain factors]] and [[#Equipment\|equipment]], [[Cover_(EU2012)\|cover]] being one of the most important examples.

Jozrael: /* Solder Stats */

2014-11-30T08:25:20Z

Solder Stats

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:25, 30 November 2014
Line 18:		Line 18:
	This formula explains the oddities of when units get hit while hunkered down in full cover, since it is impossible to completely miss a shot due to the clamp. The later addition of the range bonus after the aim/defence values are calculated also makes it more likely to get a hit, if the shooter is close to the target.		This formula explains the oddities of when units get hit while hunkered down in full cover, since it is impossible to completely miss a shot due to the clamp. The later addition of the range bonus after the aim/defence values are calculated also makes it more likely to get a hit, if the shooter is close to the target.

	==~~Solder~~ Stats==		==Soldier Stats==
	A typical XCOM rookie starts off with a flat 65 Aim stat. Generally, as their [[Soldiers_(EU2012)#Ranks\|rank]] improves, they gain additional points at a static rate (that is to say, a Lieutenant Sniper will always have an Aim stat of 84). [[Second_Wave_(EU2012)\|Second Wave]] options can instead be used to mix up the abilities of your ranks - ''"Not Created Equally"'' has them start with an aim stat of somewhere from 55 to 80, whereas ''"Hidden Potential"'' randomises their gains.		A typical XCOM rookie starts off with a flat 65 Aim stat. Generally, as their [[Soldiers_(EU2012)#Ranks\|rank]] improves, they gain additional points at a static rate (that is to say, a Lieutenant Sniper will always have an Aim stat of 84). [[Second_Wave_(EU2012)\|Second Wave]] options can instead be used to mix up the abilities of your ranks - ''"Not Created Equally"'' has them start with an aim stat of somewhere from 55 to 80, whereas ''"Hidden Potential"'' randomises their gains.

Line 126:		Line 126:
	*<font color=grey>Dense Smoke</font>: A passive bonus causing the support's smoke clouds to grant +40% defence instead of the regular 20%.		*<font color=grey>Dense Smoke</font>: A passive bonus causing the support's smoke clouds to grant +40% defence instead of the regular 20%.
	\|}		\|}


	==Alien Stats==		==Alien Stats==

Slider2k: /* Equipment */

2014-08-04T14:41:31Z

Equipment

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 4 August 2014
Line 213:		Line 213:
	There are three main types of equipment available to you that can affect accuracy: [[Weapons_(EU2012)\|weapons]], [[Armor_(EU2012)\|armour]] and [[Engineering_(EU2012)#Build_Items\|items]].		There are three main types of equipment available to you that can affect accuracy: [[Weapons_(EU2012)\|weapons]], [[Armor_(EU2012)\|armour]] and [[Engineering_(EU2012)#Build_Items\|items]].

	Of all the guns you may equip, only ''one'' offers improved accuracy over others of its kind - the [[Light Plasma Rifle (EU2012)\|Light Plasma Rifle]], which adds +10% to any shots made with it. ~~''(Can someone please confirm with source as to whether aliens get this bonus?)''~~ However, each ''class'' of weapon - shotguns, snipers, or "other" - handles accuracy differently [[#Weapon Range\|depending on range]].		Of all the guns you may equip, only ''one'' offers improved accuracy over others of its kind - the [[Light Plasma Rifle (EU2012)\|Light Plasma Rifle]], which adds +10% to any shots made with it. However, each ''class'' of weapon - shotguns, snipers, or "other" - handles accuracy differently [[#Weapon Range\|depending on range]].

	The [[Foundry_(EU2012)\|Foundry]] project [[Foundry_(EU2012)#Improved_Pistol_II\|Improved Pistol II]] ~~states that it offers a~~ +10% to ~~pistol~~ aim. At the time of the [[Patches_(EU2012)#2013-01-08\|current patch]], this function is [[Bugs_(EU2012)#Second_Foundry_pistol_upgrade_doesn.27t_function\|bugged]] and doesn't actually grant any bonus (although it DOES appear amongst the list of bonuses that will apply to your shots, it's NOT added on to the final total. [[XCOM: Enemy Within DLC (EU2012)\|Enemy Within]] has this bug fixed.		The [[Foundry_(EU2012)\|Foundry]] project [[Foundry_(EU2012)#Improved_Pistol_II\|Improved Pistol II]] grants +10% to pistols aim.

	~~Hence the~~ main item to turn to when looking for a little extra reliability is the [[S.C.O.P.E._(EU2012)\|S.C.O.P.E.]], which grants ~~an additional~~ +10% aim (and, with [[Foundry_(EU2012)#S.C.O.P.E._Upgrade\|the right upgrade]], [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]]) ~~to all conventional weapons~~. [[#Heavies\|Heavies]] in particular find this useful (due to their low base aim), but it's a solid choice for most any unit.		The main item to turn to when looking for a little extra reliability is the [[S.C.O.P.E._(EU2012)\|S.C.O.P.E.]], which grants +10% aim to the primary weapon (and, with [[Foundry_(EU2012)#S.C.O.P.E._Upgrade\|the right upgrade]], +10% [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]]). [[#Heavies\|Heavies]] in particular find this useful (due to their low base aim), but it's a solid choice for most any unit.

	The [[Arc_Thrower_(EU2012)\|Arc Thrower]] is notable in that it's not considered a weapon, and uses entirely different ~~firing~~ mechanics - its chance to hit depends only on the health of the target. Explosive weapons are another exception, in that they always hit everything within their blast radius - for those, a "miss" constitutes somehow firing them in an entirely different direction to where they were aimed.		The [[Arc_Thrower_(EU2012)\|Arc Thrower]] is notable in that it's not considered a weapon, and uses entirely different aiming mechanics - its chance to hit depends only on the health of the target. Explosive weapons are another exception, in that they always hit everything within their blast radius - for those, a "miss" constitutes somehow firing them in an entirely different direction to where they were aimed.

	Conversely, some forms of ~~armour~~ can allow you to raise your defence, reducing the chance of alien shots landing. While all types grant additional hit points, [[Skeleton_Suit_(EU2012)\|Skeleton Suits]] and [[Psi_Armor_(EU2012)\|Psi Armour]] grant +10% defence to the wearer at all times, whilst [[Ghost_Armor_(EU2012)\|Ghost Armor]] gives +20% even without cloaking ~~(the equivalent to being in low [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]] - which ''stacks'' if they really ''are'' in cover)~~.		Conversely, some forms of armor can allow you to raise your defence, reducing the chance of alien shots landing. While all types grant additional hit points, [[Skeleton_Suit_(EU2012)\|Skeleton Suits]] and [[Psi_Armor_(EU2012)\|Psi Armour]] grant +10% defence to the wearer at all times, whilst [[Ghost_Armor_(EU2012)\|Ghost Armor]] gives +20% even without cloaking.

	In fact, when you consider that Skeleton Suits also grant additional movement points and the grapple - and are actually cheaper to produce ~~then~~ [[Carapace_Armor_(EU2012)\|Carapace Armour]] - they may be the better choice for your units regardless of class. Its one deficit is a single less hit point.		In fact, when you consider that Skeleton Suits also grant additional movement points and the grapple - and are actually cheaper to produce than [[Carapace_Armor_(EU2012)\|Carapace Armour]] - they may be the better choice for your units regardless of class. Its one deficit is a single less hit point.

	Contrary to its item description, [[Archangel_Armor_(EU2012)\|Archangel Armour]] ''does'' grant bonuses to ~~your~~ units ~~when taking flight (but not when they're grounded)~~. Taking to the air above your opponents grants the usual +20% aim ~~and defence bonuses~~ against them (same as ~~for units such as~~ [[Floater (EU2012)\|Floaters]] and ~~[[Hover_SHIV_(EU2012)\|Hover SHIVs]]~~), and for [[#Snipers\|Snipers]], also triggers the Damn Good Ground perk - granting an additional +10% ~~to each~~. ~~Airbourne~~ snipers can ~~practically~~ ignore high cover ~~guarding aliens~~.		Contrary to its item description, [[Archangel_Armor_(EU2012)\|Archangel Armour]] ''does'' grant bonuses to units in the air. Taking to the air above your opponents grants the usual +20% aim height bonus against them, but also grants low cover bonus (+20% defence) from the armor's Evasion ability while in flight (same as with [[Floater (EU2012)\|Floaters]] and other alien flying units), and for [[#Snipers\|Snipers]], also triggers the Damn Good Ground perk - granting an additional +10% aim/defence. Airborne snipers can almost ignore enemies' high cover.

	==Weapon Range==		==Weapon Range==

Slider2k: /* Terrain - Cover & Height */

2014-08-04T14:22:43Z

Terrain - Cover & Height

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:22, 4 August 2014
Line 267:		Line 267:
	One of your primary sources of defence - especially in the early game, before you can equip some decent [[Armor (EU2012)\|armour]] - is [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]]. While understanding the full mechanics of cover is important (when it applies, how to circumvent it, and the risks of relying on it), for the purposes of accuracy the rules are that a half shield gives +20% defence, a full shield gives +40% defence, and if the firing unit has a [[Flanking (EU2012)\|flank]] or the target has no cover at all, then the shooter instead gets a [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]] bonus.		One of your primary sources of defence - especially in the early game, before you can equip some decent [[Armor (EU2012)\|armour]] - is [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]]. While understanding the full mechanics of cover is important (when it applies, how to circumvent it, and the risks of relying on it), for the purposes of accuracy the rules are that a half shield gives +20% defence, a full shield gives +40% defence, and if the firing unit has a [[Flanking (EU2012)\|flank]] or the target has no cover at all, then the shooter instead gets a [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]] bonus.

	If a flank isn't possible and the cover can't be removed, a good way to get around it is with the height bonus - a unit on higher ground gets +20% aim bonus against units on lower ground. [[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]] can add another +10% to aim and +10% to defense with the Damn Good Ground perk, this perk also works when flying much higher than the enemy.		If a flank isn't possible and the cover can't be removed, a good way to get around it is with the height bonus - a unit on higher ground gets +20% aim bonus against units on lower ground. [[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]] can add another +10% to aim and +10% to defense with the Damn Good Ground perk, this perk also works when flying much higher than the enemy. Most flying units (all except Hover S.H.I.V.s) possess Evasion ability which grants an equivalent of low cover (+20% defence) when flying, also making them immune to being flanked in the air.

	==Other Abilities==		==Other Abilities==

Slider2k: /* Terrain - Cover & Height */

2014-08-04T14:20:34Z

Terrain - Cover & Height

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:20, 4 August 2014
Line 267:		Line 267:
	One of your primary sources of defence - especially in the early game, before you can equip some decent [[Armor (EU2012)\|armour]] - is [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]]. While understanding the full mechanics of cover is important (when it applies, how to circumvent it, and the risks of relying on it), for the purposes of accuracy the rules are that a half shield gives +20% defence, a full shield gives +40% defence, and if the firing unit has a [[Flanking (EU2012)\|flank]] or the target has no cover at all, then the shooter instead gets a [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]] bonus.		One of your primary sources of defence - especially in the early game, before you can equip some decent [[Armor (EU2012)\|armour]] - is [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]]. While understanding the full mechanics of cover is important (when it applies, how to circumvent it, and the risks of relying on it), for the purposes of accuracy the rules are that a half shield gives +20% defence, a full shield gives +40% defence, and if the firing unit has a [[Flanking (EU2012)\|flank]] or the target has no cover at all, then the shooter instead gets a [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]] bonus.

	If a flank isn't possible and the cover can't be removed, a good way to get around it is with the height bonus - a unit on higher ground gets +20% aim bonus against units on lower ground. [[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]] can add another +10% to aim and +10% to defense with the Damn Good Ground perk, ~~and the bonus is~~ also ~~granted~~ when flying much higher than the enemy~~. Most flying units (all except Hover S.H.I.V.s) also possess Evasion ability which grants an equivalent of low cover when flying, making them immune to being flanked in air~~.		If a flank isn't possible and the cover can't be removed, a good way to get around it is with the height bonus - a unit on higher ground gets +20% aim bonus against units on lower ground. [[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]] can add another +10% to aim and +10% to defense with the Damn Good Ground perk, this perk also works when flying much higher than the enemy.

	==Other Abilities==		==Other Abilities==

Slider2k: /* Weapon Range */

2014-08-04T14:16:25Z

Weapon Range

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 4 August 2014
Line 252:		Line 252:
	</center>		</center>

	As an example, if standing directly next to your target (~~one tile away~~) most guns get +37%, shotguns get +52%, and snipers take a -24% penalty. The bonus does indeed increase higher still if you manage to get your unit on the ''same'' tile as an enemy.		As an example, if standing directly next to your target (non diagonally) most guns get +37%, shotguns get +50%, and snipers take a -24% penalty. The bonus does indeed increase higher still if you manage to get your unit on the ''same'' tile as an enemy.

	In addition, a very slight fractional penalty may be applied depending on the ''direction'' the shot is coming from. For example, a soldier with a rifle sitting an exact two tiles away from an alien may have a 33% range bonus, but another soldier with the same weapon and at the same distance might only get a 32% bonus if he's on a 90° angle (it appears this is because the base bonus drops from 42 to 41.6 in such a case, though the reason for this is unknown).		In addition, a very slight fractional penalty may be applied depending on the ''direction'' the shot is coming from. For example, a soldier with a rifle sitting an exact two tiles away from an alien may have a 33% range bonus, but another soldier with the same weapon and at the same distance might only get a 32% bonus if he's on a 90° angle (it appears this is because the base bonus drops from 42 to 41.6 in such a case, though the reason for this is unknown).
Line 261:		Line 261:

	''Note 2: These formulas may not be 100% accurate.''		''Note 2: These formulas may not be 100% accurate.''


	==Terrain - Cover & Height==		==Terrain - Cover & Height==

Slider2k: /* Terrain - Cover & Height */

2014-08-04T13:59:03Z

Terrain - Cover & Height

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:59, 4 August 2014
Line 268:		Line 268:
	One of your primary sources of defence - especially in the early game, before you can equip some decent [[Armor (EU2012)\|armour]] - is [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]]. While understanding the full mechanics of cover is important (when it applies, how to circumvent it, and the risks of relying on it), for the purposes of accuracy the rules are that a half shield gives +20% defence, a full shield gives +40% defence, and if the firing unit has a [[Flanking (EU2012)\|flank]] or the target has no cover at all, then the shooter instead gets a [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]] bonus.		One of your primary sources of defence - especially in the early game, before you can equip some decent [[Armor (EU2012)\|armour]] - is [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]]. While understanding the full mechanics of cover is important (when it applies, how to circumvent it, and the risks of relying on it), for the purposes of accuracy the rules are that a half shield gives +20% defence, a full shield gives +40% defence, and if the firing unit has a [[Flanking (EU2012)\|flank]] or the target has no cover at all, then the shooter instead gets a [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]] bonus.

	If a flank isn't possible and the cover can't be removed, a good way to get around it is with the height bonus - ~~if you're above your target, you get~~ +20% aim against ~~it (regardless as to what the difference IS)~~. [[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]] can add another +10% to aim and defense with the Damn Good Ground perk, and the bonus is also granted ~~for~~ flying ~~if you are~~ higher than ~~your~~ enemy~~, but~~ flying also ~~gives~~ low cover, making ~~flyers inmune~~ to ~~flanking mechanichs [[Floater (EU2012)\|Floaters]] or [[Archangel_Armor_(EU2012)\|Archangel troopers]] (regardless as to what the~~ in~~-game item description states)~~.		If a flank isn't possible and the cover can't be removed, a good way to get around it is with the height bonus - a unit on higher ground gets +20% aim bonus against units on lower ground. [[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]] can add another +10% to aim and +10% to defense with the Damn Good Ground perk, and the bonus is also granted when flying much higher than the enemy. Most flying units (all except Hover S.H.I.V.s) also possess Evasion ability which grants an equivalent of low cover when flying, making them immune to being flanked in air.

	==Other Abilities==		==Other Abilities==

Hobbes: /* left|24pxSnipers */

2014-04-05T14:39:46Z

left|24pxSnipers

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 5 April 2014
Line 95:		Line 95:
	*<font color=green>Executioner</font>: A passive +10% aim if the target has less then 50% health.		*<font color=green>Executioner</font>: A passive +10% aim if the target has less then 50% health.
	*<font color=green>Opportunist</font>: Removes the aim penalty (and [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit]] restriction) from [[Overwatch_(EU2012)\|Overwatch]] shots.		*<font color=green>Opportunist</font>: Removes the aim penalty (and [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit]] restriction) from [[Overwatch_(EU2012)\|Overwatch]] shots.
	*<font color=brown>Snap Shot</font>: Allows firing as a second action, but at a -20% aim penalty. ''(Due to a bug, taking this perk applies this penalty to extra shots granted by Double Tap as well.)''		*<font color=brown>Snap Shot</font>: Allows firing as a second action, but at a -20% aim penalty. On the Enemy Within DLC, the penalty has been reduced to -10. ''(Due to a bug, taking this perk applies this penalty to extra shots granted by Double Tap as well.)''
	*<font color=brown>Disabling Shot</font>: Shot empties the target's weapon, but at a -10% aim penalty.		*<font color=brown>Disabling Shot</font>: Shot empties the target's weapon, but at a -10% aim penalty.
	*<font color=grey>Low Profile</font>: The sniper receives a high cover bonus of +40% while in low cover, rather then the usual +20%.		*<font color=grey>Low Profile</font>: The sniper receives a high cover bonus of +40% while in low cover, rather then the usual +20%.
Line 105:		Line 105:
	\|-		\|-
	!		!

	===[[File: CLASS SUPPORT.png\|left\|24px]]'''[[Support (EU2012)\|Supports]]'''===		===[[File: CLASS SUPPORT.png\|left\|24px]]'''[[Support (EU2012)\|Supports]]'''===
	\|-		\|-

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:26, 25 June 2015
Line 3:		Line 3:
	'''Aim''' (or '''Attack''') is the base statistic each unit has which accounts for the bulk of its accuracy in battle. For [[Soldiers (EU2012)\|XCOM soldiers]], this goes up at a set rate based on [[Soldiers_(EU2012)#Ranks\|rank]] and [[Classes_(EU2012)\|class]], whereas for [[Alien_Life_Forms_(EU2012)\|aliens]] it's determined by their race and the [[Difficulty_(EU2012)\|difficulty level]].		'''Aim''' (or '''Attack''') is the base statistic each unit has which accounts for the bulk of its accuracy in battle. For [[Soldiers (EU2012)\|XCOM soldiers]], this goes up at a set rate based on [[Soldiers_(EU2012)#Ranks\|rank]] and [[Classes_(EU2012)\|class]], whereas for [[Alien_Life_Forms_(EU2012)\|aliens]] it's determined by their race and the [[Difficulty_(EU2012)\|difficulty level]].

	'''Defence''', on the other hand, is the statistic which lowers each unit's chance to ''be'' hit. Your units may improve their base defence stat pre-battle by donning certain forms of [[Armor_(EU2012)\|armour]] (keeping in mind that most only grant additional health points, lessening the ''effects'' of damage, rather ~~then~~ your chance to avoid it altogether). Some alien races have an innate defensive bonus which is increased on higher difficulties.		'''Defence''', on the other hand, is the statistic which lowers each unit's chance to ''be'' hit. Your units may improve their base defence stat pre-battle by donning certain forms of [[Armor_(EU2012)\|armour]] (keeping in mind that most only grant additional health points, lessening the ''effects'' of damage, rather than your chance to avoid it altogether). Some alien races have an innate defensive bonus which is increased on higher difficulties.

	In addition, units may source additional aim/defence bonuses from [[#Solder Stats\|soldier perks]], [[#Other Factors\|terrain factors]] and [[#Equipment\|equipment]], [[Cover_(EU2012)\|cover]] being one of the most important examples.		In addition, units may source additional aim/defence bonuses from [[#Solder Stats\|soldier perks]], [[#Other Factors\|terrain factors]] and [[#Equipment\|equipment]], [[Cover_(EU2012)\|cover]] being one of the most important examples.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 4 August 2014
Line 213:		Line 213:
	There are three main types of equipment available to you that can affect accuracy: [[Weapons_(EU2012)\|weapons]], [[Armor_(EU2012)\|armour]] and [[Engineering_(EU2012)#Build_Items\|items]].		There are three main types of equipment available to you that can affect accuracy: [[Weapons_(EU2012)\|weapons]], [[Armor_(EU2012)\|armour]] and [[Engineering_(EU2012)#Build_Items\|items]].

	Of all the guns you may equip, only ''one'' offers improved accuracy over others of its kind - the [[Light Plasma Rifle (EU2012)\|Light Plasma Rifle]], which adds +10% to any shots made with it. ~~''(Can someone please confirm with source as to whether aliens get this bonus?)''~~ However, each ''class'' of weapon - shotguns, snipers, or "other" - handles accuracy differently [[#Weapon Range\|depending on range]].		Of all the guns you may equip, only ''one'' offers improved accuracy over others of its kind - the [[Light Plasma Rifle (EU2012)\|Light Plasma Rifle]], which adds +10% to any shots made with it. However, each ''class'' of weapon - shotguns, snipers, or "other" - handles accuracy differently [[#Weapon Range\|depending on range]].

	The [[Foundry_(EU2012)\|Foundry]] project [[Foundry_(EU2012)#Improved_Pistol_II\|Improved Pistol II]] ~~states that it offers a~~ +10% to ~~pistol~~ aim. At the time of the [[Patches_(EU2012)#2013-01-08\|current patch]], this function is [[Bugs_(EU2012)#Second_Foundry_pistol_upgrade_doesn.27t_function\|bugged]] and doesn't actually grant any bonus (although it DOES appear amongst the list of bonuses that will apply to your shots, it's NOT added on to the final total. [[XCOM: Enemy Within DLC (EU2012)\|Enemy Within]] has this bug fixed.		The [[Foundry_(EU2012)\|Foundry]] project [[Foundry_(EU2012)#Improved_Pistol_II\|Improved Pistol II]] grants +10% to pistols aim.

	~~Hence the~~ main item to turn to when looking for a little extra reliability is the [[S.C.O.P.E._(EU2012)\|S.C.O.P.E.]], which grants ~~an additional~~ +10% aim (and, with [[Foundry_(EU2012)#S.C.O.P.E._Upgrade\|the right upgrade]], [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]]) ~~to all conventional weapons~~. [[#Heavies\|Heavies]] in particular find this useful (due to their low base aim), but it's a solid choice for most any unit.		The main item to turn to when looking for a little extra reliability is the [[S.C.O.P.E._(EU2012)\|S.C.O.P.E.]], which grants +10% aim to the primary weapon (and, with [[Foundry_(EU2012)#S.C.O.P.E._Upgrade\|the right upgrade]], +10% [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit chance]]). [[#Heavies\|Heavies]] in particular find this useful (due to their low base aim), but it's a solid choice for most any unit.

	The [[Arc_Thrower_(EU2012)\|Arc Thrower]] is notable in that it's not considered a weapon, and uses entirely different ~~firing~~ mechanics - its chance to hit depends only on the health of the target. Explosive weapons are another exception, in that they always hit everything within their blast radius - for those, a "miss" constitutes somehow firing them in an entirely different direction to where they were aimed.		The [[Arc_Thrower_(EU2012)\|Arc Thrower]] is notable in that it's not considered a weapon, and uses entirely different aiming mechanics - its chance to hit depends only on the health of the target. Explosive weapons are another exception, in that they always hit everything within their blast radius - for those, a "miss" constitutes somehow firing them in an entirely different direction to where they were aimed.

	Conversely, some forms of ~~armour~~ can allow you to raise your defence, reducing the chance of alien shots landing. While all types grant additional hit points, [[Skeleton_Suit_(EU2012)\|Skeleton Suits]] and [[Psi_Armor_(EU2012)\|Psi Armour]] grant +10% defence to the wearer at all times, whilst [[Ghost_Armor_(EU2012)\|Ghost Armor]] gives +20% even without cloaking ~~(the equivalent to being in low [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]] - which ''stacks'' if they really ''are'' in cover)~~.		Conversely, some forms of armor can allow you to raise your defence, reducing the chance of alien shots landing. While all types grant additional hit points, [[Skeleton_Suit_(EU2012)\|Skeleton Suits]] and [[Psi_Armor_(EU2012)\|Psi Armour]] grant +10% defence to the wearer at all times, whilst [[Ghost_Armor_(EU2012)\|Ghost Armor]] gives +20% even without cloaking.

	In fact, when you consider that Skeleton Suits also grant additional movement points and the grapple - and are actually cheaper to produce ~~then~~ [[Carapace_Armor_(EU2012)\|Carapace Armour]] - they may be the better choice for your units regardless of class. Its one deficit is a single less hit point.		In fact, when you consider that Skeleton Suits also grant additional movement points and the grapple - and are actually cheaper to produce than [[Carapace_Armor_(EU2012)\|Carapace Armour]] - they may be the better choice for your units regardless of class. Its one deficit is a single less hit point.

	Contrary to its item description, [[Archangel_Armor_(EU2012)\|Archangel Armour]] ''does'' grant bonuses to ~~your~~ units ~~when taking flight (but not when they're grounded)~~. Taking to the air above your opponents grants the usual +20% aim ~~and defence bonuses~~ against them (same as ~~for units such as~~ [[Floater (EU2012)\|Floaters]] and ~~[[Hover_SHIV_(EU2012)\|Hover SHIVs]]~~), and for [[#Snipers\|Snipers]], also triggers the Damn Good Ground perk - granting an additional +10% ~~to each~~. ~~Airbourne~~ snipers can ~~practically~~ ignore high cover ~~guarding aliens~~.		Contrary to its item description, [[Archangel_Armor_(EU2012)\|Archangel Armour]] ''does'' grant bonuses to units in the air. Taking to the air above your opponents grants the usual +20% aim height bonus against them, but also grants low cover bonus (+20% defence) from the armor's Evasion ability while in flight (same as with [[Floater (EU2012)\|Floaters]] and other alien flying units), and for [[#Snipers\|Snipers]], also triggers the Damn Good Ground perk - granting an additional +10% aim/defence. Airborne snipers can almost ignore enemies' high cover.

	==Weapon Range==		==Weapon Range==

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:51, 25 June 2015
Line 30:		Line 30:
	===[[File: CLASS ASSAULT.png\|left\|24px]]'''[[Assault (EU2012)\|Assaults]]'''===		===[[File: CLASS ASSAULT.png\|left\|24px]]'''[[Assault (EU2012)\|Assaults]]'''===
	\|-		\|-
	\|The [[Assault (EU2012)\|Assault]] class sports moderate accuracy, but their shotguns grant huge bonuses at near range - and they're very good at closing the distance. At distances further ~~then~~ ten tiles, their pistols (or perhaps rifles, if equipped) make for more reliable damage, albeit somewhat reduced in power. They can acquire abilities that improve their defence when up in the alien's faces.		\|The [[Assault (EU2012)\|Assault]] class sports moderate accuracy, but their shotguns grant huge bonuses at near range - and they're very good at closing the distance. At distances further than ten tiles, their pistols (or perhaps rifles, if equipped) make for more reliable damage, albeit somewhat reduced in power. They can acquire abilities that improve their defence when up in the alien's faces.

	<center>		<center>
Line 79:		Line 79:
	===[[File: CLASS SNIPER.png\|left\|24px]]'''[[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]]'''===		===[[File: CLASS SNIPER.png\|left\|24px]]'''[[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]]'''===
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]] gain no accuracy bonuses from their high-powered rifles, and in fact take a ''penalty'' if they try to use them at close range (pistols have a better chance to hit at distances less ~~then~~ ten tiles). However, their innate accuracy stats are through the roof, and optional abilities at higher ranks may push them even higher.		\|[[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]] gain no accuracy bonuses from their high-powered rifles, and in fact take a ''penalty'' if they try to use them at close range (pistols have a better chance to hit at distances less than ten tiles). However, their innate accuracy stats are through the roof, and optional abilities at higher ranks may push them even higher.

	<center>		<center>
Line 93:		Line 93:
	'''Related abilities:'''		'''Related abilities:'''
	*<font color=green>Damn Good Ground</font>: A passive +10% aim ''and'' defence while above the target (even if flying by way of [[Archangel_Armor_(EU2012)\|Archangel Armour]]).		*<font color=green>Damn Good Ground</font>: A passive +10% aim ''and'' defence while above the target (even if flying by way of [[Archangel_Armor_(EU2012)\|Archangel Armour]]).
	*<font color=green>Executioner</font>: A passive +10% aim if the target has less ~~then~~ 50% health.		*<font color=green>Executioner</font>: A passive +10% aim if the target has less than 50% health.
	*<font color=green>Opportunist</font>: Removes the aim penalty (and [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit]] restriction) from [[Overwatch_(EU2012)\|Overwatch]] shots.		*<font color=green>Opportunist</font>: Removes the aim penalty (and [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit]] restriction) from [[Overwatch_(EU2012)\|Overwatch]] shots.
	*<font color=brown>Snap Shot</font>: Allows firing as a second action, but at a -20% aim penalty. On the Enemy Within DLC, the penalty has been reduced to -10. ''(Due to a bug, taking this perk applies this penalty to extra shots granted by Double Tap as well.)''		*<font color=brown>Snap Shot</font>: Allows firing as a second action, but at a -20% aim penalty. On the Enemy Within DLC, the penalty has been reduced to -10. ''(Due to a bug, taking this perk applies this penalty to extra shots granted by Double Tap as well.)''
	*<font color=brown>Disabling Shot</font>: Shot empties the target's weapon, but at a -10% aim penalty.		*<font color=brown>Disabling Shot</font>: Shot empties the target's weapon, but at a -10% aim penalty.
	*<font color=grey>Low Profile</font>: The sniper receives a high cover bonus of +40% while in low cover, rather ~~then~~ the usual +20%.		*<font color=grey>Low Profile</font>: The sniper receives a high cover bonus of +40% while in low cover, rather than the usual +20%.
	*<font color=grey>Headshot</font>: A +30% chance to [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit]].		*<font color=grey>Headshot</font>: A +30% chance to [[Critical_Hits_(EU2012)\|crit]].
	\|}		\|}
Line 136:		Line 136:
	[[Floater (EU2012)\|Floaters]] in particular gain +20% defence whenever in flight. This can be circumvented if they're actually using real [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]] and you manage to [[Flanking (EU2012)\|flank]] them.		[[Floater (EU2012)\|Floaters]] in particular gain +20% defence whenever in flight. This can be circumvented if they're actually using real [[Cover (EU2012)\|cover]] and you manage to [[Flanking (EU2012)\|flank]] them.

	While it may seem strange that the slow and hulking [[Sectopod (EU2012)\|Sectopod]] is somehow harder to hit ~~then~~ the fast and agile [[Thin Man (EU2012)\|Thin Man]], bear in mind certain aliens - like your [[SHIV (EU2012)\|SHIVs]] - cannot use cover.		While it may seem strange that the slow and hulking [[Sectopod (EU2012)\|Sectopod]] is somehow harder to hit than the fast and agile [[Thin Man (EU2012)\|Thin Man]], bear in mind certain aliens - like your [[SHIV (EU2012)\|SHIVs]] - cannot use cover.

	<center>		<center>
Line 231:		Line 231:
	Most - from the humble [[Pistol_(EU2012)\|Pistol]] through to the legendary [[Heavy_Plasma_(EU2012)\|Heavy Plasma]] - are treated the same in terms of accuracy. Have two soldiers at the same distance from your target, each'll get the same range bonus as the other. Such weapons may only receive range ''bonuses'' - if you're too far away to receive one (ten tiles or more), then there's no penalty.		Most - from the humble [[Pistol_(EU2012)\|Pistol]] through to the legendary [[Heavy_Plasma_(EU2012)\|Heavy Plasma]] - are treated the same in terms of accuracy. Have two soldiers at the same distance from your target, each'll get the same range bonus as the other. Such weapons may only receive range ''bonuses'' - if you're too far away to receive one (ten tiles or more), then there's no penalty.

	The rifles used by [[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]], on the other hand, are the reverse: being ''closer'' ~~then~~ ten tiles inflicts a ''penalty'', and moving further away simply ~~lessons~~ this until it goes away completely.		The rifles used by [[Sniper (EU2012)\|Snipers]], on the other hand, are the reverse: being ''closer'' than ten tiles inflicts a ''penalty'', and moving further away simply lessens this until it goes away completely.

	The only weapon type that has access to a range bonus ''in addition'' to a penalty is the shotgun class used by [[Assault (EU2012)\|Assault]]s. A distance of less ~~then~~ ten tiles sees their accuracy spike up quickly; but a distance ''further'' ~~then~~ ten tiles inflicts a penalty at the same rate (though oddly enough, ''no'' such penalty applies to their [[Damage (EU2012)\|damage]] - ''if'' they happen to hit at long range, they'll be just as devastating as a point-blank blast to the face).		The only weapon type that has access to a range bonus ''in addition'' to a penalty is the shotgun class used by [[Assault (EU2012)\|Assault]]s. A distance of less than ten tiles sees their accuracy spike up quickly; but a distance ''further'' than ten tiles inflicts a penalty at the same rate (though oddly enough, ''no'' such penalty applies to their [[Damage (EU2012)\|damage]] - ''if'' they happen to hit at long range, they'll be just as devastating as a point-blank blast to the face).

	The following formulas describe accuracy drop-off. Again, note that '''if the standard weapon bonus drops below 0, it's ignored, if the sniper penalty rises above 0 it's ignored, and the shotgun formula always applies'''. ''x'' and ''y'' describe the distance in tiles along each axis between the target and the shooter (i.e. Pythagoras is used to get the proper distance on any angle, so ten tiles in a straight line are about equal in distance to seven along a 45° angle). Final results are rounded down.		The following formulas describe accuracy drop-off. Again, note that '''if the standard weapon bonus drops below 0, it's ignored, if the sniper penalty rises above 0 it's ignored, and the shotgun formula always applies'''. ''x'' and ''y'' describe the distance in tiles along each axis between the target and the shooter (i.e. Pythagoras is used to get the proper distance on any angle, so ten tiles in a straight line are about equal in distance to seven along a 45° angle). Final results are rounded down.
Line 271:		Line 271:
	Use of the hunker down [[Abilities_(EU2012)#General Abilities/Penalties\|ability]] (available to most units so long as they're in cover) doubles your cover ''and'' armour bonus, but doesn't apply to perk bonuses such as the [[Assault (EU2012)\|Assault's]] Tactical Sense.		Use of the hunker down [[Abilities_(EU2012)#General Abilities/Penalties\|ability]] (available to most units so long as they're in cover) doubles your cover ''and'' armour bonus, but doesn't apply to perk bonuses such as the [[Assault (EU2012)\|Assault's]] Tactical Sense.

	The similar-sounding Head Down ability - only available to non-combatant units as their only action other ~~then~~ moving - grants +10% defence to that unit regardless as to whether they have cover or not.		The similar-sounding Head Down ability - only available to non-combatant units as their only action other than moving - grants +10% defence to that unit regardless as to whether they have cover or not.

	Finally, [[Overwatch (EU2012)\|Overwatch]] shots are taken at a 0.7 accuracy modifier, further increased by another 0.7 modifier if the target is dashing. This is mitigated somewhat in that moving units don't get cover, but keep it in mind when setting up ambushes. Regarding the [[Support (EU2012)\|Support's]] Covering Fire perk, which allows overwatch shots on units that are in cover, there's no indication if the game considers the unit's cover or not.		Finally, [[Overwatch (EU2012)\|Overwatch]] shots are taken at a 0.7 accuracy modifier, further increased by another 0.7 modifier if the target is dashing. This is mitigated somewhat in that moving units don't get cover, but keep it in mind when setting up ambushes. Regarding the [[Support (EU2012)\|Support's]] Covering Fire perk, which allows overwatch shots on units that are in cover, there's no indication if the game considers the unit's cover or not.
Line 294:		Line 294:
	* Missing a shot which had at least a 50% chance to connect adds +15% to the next such shot you make, cumulative. The counter resets when a shot hits, ''but otherwise has no cap''.		* Missing a shot which had at least a 50% chance to connect adds +15% to the next such shot you make, cumulative. The counter resets when a shot hits, ''but otherwise has no cap''.

	If on easy with exactly four soldiers active, or normal with four or less, shots with a stated accuracy higher ~~then~~ 95% are capped down to 95% - [http://forums.penny-arcade.com/discussion/comment/24643310/#Comment_24643310 ''unless'' they would reach 100% or more, in which case they are unaffected and should always hit].		If on easy with exactly four soldiers active, or normal with four or less, shots with a stated accuracy higher than 95% are capped down to 95% - [http://forums.penny-arcade.com/discussion/comment/24643310/#Comment_24643310 ''unless'' they would reach 100% or more, in which case they are unaffected and should always hit].

	Adjustments are made on a side-wide basis - for example, if a given soldier misses, he's not the only one who could benefit from the resulting bonus for your team's next shot.		Adjustments are made on a side-wide basis - for example, if a given soldier misses, he's not the only one who could benefit from the resulting bonus for your team's next shot.
Line 310:		Line 310:

	==The RNG==		==The RNG==
	''Random Number Generators'' (or RNGs) are common algorithms intended to produce sets of unpredictable numbers. They're not usually written by regular developers, but are rather provided by the programming languages they use. Think of them like dice, but you can choose the amount of sides - when XCOM calls its RNG to see if your shot hit or not, it's metaphorically rolling a hundred-sided die; if the result is a number higher ~~then~~ your chance to hit, the shot misses. Likewise, if you've seen any intentionally random behaviour in any game, then an RNG is behind it.		''Random Number Generators'' (or RNGs) are common algorithms intended to produce sets of unpredictable numbers. They're not usually written by regular developers, but are rather provided by the programming languages they use. Think of them like dice, but you can choose the amount of sides - when XCOM calls its RNG to see if your shot hit or not, it's metaphorically rolling a hundred-sided die; if the result is a number higher than your chance to hit, the shot misses. Likewise, if you've seen any intentionally random behaviour in any game, then an RNG is behind it.

	Computers lack the facilities to "make numbers up". So, RNGs instead calculate figures based on at least two bits of information: a "seed" value, and the amount of numbers that've been returned since that seed was first used (or, sticking with the dice example, the number of "rolls" you've made with them since starting your game).		Computers lack the facilities to "make numbers up". So, RNGs instead calculate figures based on at least two bits of information: a "seed" value, and the amount of numbers that've been returned since that seed was first used (or, sticking with the dice example, the number of "rolls" you've made with them since starting your game).